Madeleine	L'inconnue	Bouchna

The abduction of Madeleine McCann, daughter of British doctors, shows alleged connections between the murder of Ylenia Lenhard, 5 years and the sale of Joana Cipriano, 8 years.

Biometric analysis: Madeleine McCann in Morocco or two of her doubles in the same area?

Jacqueline de Croÿ - 30 septembre 2007

This August 31, Mrs Tores on holiday in Morocco photographed a woman carrying a little girl who looked like Madeleine McCann, missing from Portugal since May 3, 2007. It would act of Hafida Bennaïssa carrying her daughter Bouchna, according to the Moroccan police force.The biometric expertise of the photographs yet reveals that if Hafida and Bouchna took this road, they would not be the ones photgraphed by the Spanish tourist. The children are clearely doubles, but the unknown child has more in comon with Madeleine than with Bouchna. Madeleine could be hidden in a Morrocan family, while waiting for another destiny. This discovery raises the question of how many doubles of missing children are in the Rif mountains and how many children are declared missing from these lost areas?

The data-processing program aims to identify a person by the number of similarities between the faces reproduced on photographs. A series of photographs of Madeleine, of Bouchna Bennaïssa, as well as the child of the photo taken by the tourist were downloaded in two series, each file numbered: "madeleine-1.bmp", "madeleine-2.bmp", "madeleine-3.bmp", etc, then "Morocco-1.bmp", "Morocco-2.bmp", "Morocco-3.bmp", etc.

They were submitted to two methodologies of research, with the tests "one-to-one" and "one-to-many" of the programs "Universal Image Recognition".

The first series of tests is of morphological type with neural stage. It thus acts of the study of the form of the external structures of the faces with a stage on the nervous structure which it implies.

The second series is of metric type with specific measuring of the anthropometric points, which makes it possible to show in percentage the difference of volumes between various parts of the faces.

Test n°1: The photograph of the face of the unknown child was downloaded in the data base under the denomination "Morocco 2.bmp". The morphological with neural stage program has compared it with 3000 faces in the archives and identified sufficient similar points to recognize the unknown child in the file "madeleine-2.bmp". Madeleine is thus for the least, a double of the unknown child.

Examen n°2				points
maroc3.bmp	is unknown child	similar to herself	maroc3b.bmp	768.000.000
madeleine-1.bmp	is Madeleine	similar to unknown child	maroc3b.bmp	1.248.756
maroc4-bmp	is Bouchna		maroc3b.bmp	1.202.304
madeleine-3.bmp	is Madeleine		maroc3b.bmp	1.151.112
madeleine-4.bmp	is Madeleine		maroc3b.bmp	1.106.556
madeleine-6.bmp	is Madeleine		maroc3b.bmp	1.090.440
maroc5-bmp	is Bouchna		maroc3b.bmp	1.017.444
Images uniformisées en format 257 X 257 plixels
madeleine-256.bmp	is Madeleine	similar to unknown child	maroc3b-bignoto.bmp	192.000.000
madeleine-2.bmp	est Madeleine		marrocco2.bmp	480.000.000

Test n°2: The photograph of the face of the unknown child was downloaded under the denomination "maroc3b.bmp" and was compared with 4000 faces present in the data base. A series of images were identified:

The first champion image was of "madeleine-1.bmp", which corresponds to Madeleine McCann, with a score of 1.248.756 similarities.

The second winning image with a score of 1.202.304 similarities was allotted to the file "maroc5.bmp", which corresponds to the photograph of Bouchna Bennaïssa. These the first two tests reveal that the three children faces have many similarities, but that there are slightly more in commun between Madeleine and the unknown child, than between Bouchna and the unknown child.

Test n°3: The photographs of the three children were standardized in terms of pixel in a model format of 256x256 pixels to make them more homogeneous between them.

Test n°4: The face of the unknown child was compared with 4000 faces, highlighting a score of 192.000.000 of similarities with the photograph called "madeleine256.bmp".

Test n°5: An instrumental test was carried out by manual measurements of distances, ratios and weight in percent between the face of the unknown child, that of Madeleine and that of Bouchna. This anthropometric study makes it possible to calculate the weight of volumes of these points of the face:

• Bregma (anterior fontanelle, between the parietal bones and the frontal);
• Glabelle (covered osseous of the frontal bone located between the eyebrows);
• Nasion, antropometric point of the nose;
• Spinale section of the nose;
• Right and left pupil, -
• Right and left eye orbits,
• Gnathion (Lowest median at the mandible's edge).

This anthropometric comparison between the face of the unknown child and that of Madeleine highlighted a difference in weight whose average is only 5.5%, with an exception of 10%.

On the other hand, the same comparison made between the face of the unknown child and that Bouchna, reveals an average of 10% difference. These data highlight a definitely higher difference between the face Bouchna and the unknown child, than between Madeleine and the unknown child.

Although the image of the unknown woman and child is fuzzy, ocular observations together with anthropometric measurings carried out earlier, reveal, some differences which cannot be kept under silence.

Bouchna's face is more oval and her haircut seems longer than that of the unknown little girl, who thus herself has shorter hair and chubbier cheeks.

Mrs. Bennaïssa and the unknown woman wears the same clothes, which are traditional in this area. Mrs. Bennaïssa seems plumper than the unknown woman, whose morphology of the face is thinner and longer.

By isolating and standardizing the pixels from the two faces of the examined women, the analysis of the neural network is negative, not raising any common point between the two women. In other words, the original photograph would not be of Mrs. Bennaïssa, but of another woman.

CONCLUSIONS

Three doubles or two doubles? Madeleine and the unknown child have the same chubby cheeks, whereas Bouchna has a longer and oval face.
Madeleine	Unknown child	Bouchna

The parametric data measured on the images compared, united with the ocular observations of the expert converges towards an assumption carrying a doubt about the fact that the unknown woman and child were actually identified as being Haifa and Bouchna Bennaïssa.

The measurements taken on the anthropometric and morphological general points of the children examined by the means of the neural networks, lean to a resemblance more marked in the somatic features present, between the face of the unknown child and that of Madeleine, than between the unknown child and Bouchna.

The case, in our opinion, is not solved at all...